“Magdalena and Balthasar” by Steven Ozment’s Essay

In the story Magdalena and Balthasar by Steven Ozment’s, one is able to reconstruct the lifestyle of a sixteenth-century merchant family that lived in Europe. The life styles specifically shown in Magdalena and Balthasar’s relationship was anything but an average lifestyle. Although the couple dealt with many problems such as the separation due to business, they were able to keep their marriage stable through letters. In these letters one is able to uncover their beliefs about their family life, marriage, parenting, and the affects religion had on them. Although this specific couple had a unique relationship, one could come to some understanding of how a medieval persons’ life was lived. When analyzing pieces from these letters, one could conclude that marriage had to be filled with love, admiration, and cooperation to be successful. Given the role in 16th century society, the husband was the dominant figure and the wife was left with the household duties and children. However, some relationships were ahead of their times and was based solely on reciprocated compassion. If this bond could be achieved it brought a sense of equality in the understanding and responsibility of a marriage. The growing love in a marriage relationship was hard to accomplish. Whether the marriage was based on the similar backgrounds, or mutual feelings about equality, a successful marriage had to be worked on. Many merchants at this time were extremely involved with their work. This meant that when work called they had to reply. If the job took the husband out of town the best way to maintain their relationship was through letters. Although it was hard to keep in touch there were many ways that they could communicate their love. Another aspect that was seen in the medieval time period was the way in which the people expressed their love. In the relationship between Magdalena and Balthazar, Magdalena uses special valued objects in her letters in order to express her love. An example is when â€Å"she folds flowers from their garden into her letters to him†(Ozment 28). Likewise, Balthasar expressed his love for Magdalena through his unique writing style. In his letters he was able to express his love through simple words such as â€Å"honest, good, true,  friendly, dearest, closest bride†(Ozment 28). It can be observed that the common attribute of expressing love in their relationship was not only limited to their relationship specifically, rather it applies to most sixteenth-century relationships. Although Love was a major attribute in relationships trust was another strong hold point of the everyday family lifestyle of this time. There had to be a strong supporting trust from each side of the relationship in order for the family to prevail. For instance, when the couple was separated the husband would have to have a deep sincere trust for the wife to maintain his business at home. The wife would have chores such as, tending to the children, keeping the household running, and other business related tasks. Although it was common for the women to do so anyways, the husband had to rely and trust his wife to take care of these dealing without second thought. Although the husband had to give up allot of responsibility when he was away for work, normally he would not give up the whole authoritative power. For example in a disagreement usually their would be some sort of compromise, but in the end the wife would give in to the big decisions allowing the husband to have authority. The equilibrium between trust and negotiation that was seen in sixteen-century relationships shows how a sense of stability that was formed in their family lifestyles. Parenting in this time period was dealt with by different methods, which were determined by the different marital roles. The primary differences come from their choice of style that was inherited from their forefathers. The wife is usually the consoling and sympathetic parent, while the father was usually the stern and punitive parent. The father had to deal with his parenting from a different town at times, which led to less interactive correction strategies. When a demand from the father was made to the child, the child would usually meet the request without question. Although the wife respects the husband’s requests she usually sympathized for her son, showing an amount of protection, by lessening the demands. The most similar parenting style between the two is their love for their son. Although the teaching methods were different from parent to parent, the child usually received a decent education, housing, adequate food, to fulfill his needs. The love and support from both the mother and the father is astonishing and overall should result in a prudent child. Religion is a very important aspect of sixteenth-century life among medieval individuals. A common belief was that God was involved in their family life and was in absolute control. â€Å"They think of God as an absolutely omnipotent being, who controls human destiny on earth and into eternity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Ozment 144). If there were unfortunate dealing such as sickness or substantial loss in a business deal, it was believed to be â€Å"an obvious punishment of God†(Ozment 144). Religion was also tied into the lives of medieval people by the incorporation of it into their marriages. The medieval people relied on the God given supremacy of the husband’s role for leadership in the family’s prosperity. Parenting techniques also resulted from their Christianity belief. The disciplinary actions of each role in the family originated from the history of Christianity. Even though these teachings seemed strict they closely adhered to them in order to adhere to their beliefs. The particular dealings with Magdalena and Balthazar gave and exclusive illustration of the life of a sixteenth-century family. It also exposed the hardships of the medieval time period. Magdalena and Balthazar gave a significant portrait into how a person in the sixteenth century dealt with the everyday attributes of marriage, parenting, family life, and the affects religion had upon them.

Justify The Proposed Approaches Essay

My campaign has various links to the national campaign which has the same topic as mine. This campaign is called ‘reducing underage drinking; a collective responsibility. This campaign used the mass media approach and the community development approach similar to my campaign. In my campaign I have used three approaches and have embedded them into the creation of my campaign. These are the role of mass media, national campaign and involving health e educators. The first approach would be the role of mass media. As I have mentioned in a previous task, media can be presented in various forms such as through the television, radio, Magazines newspapers and billboards. I have chosen to use the media approach because I think it will be more applicable to my target audience. The age group that my campaign applies to are very knowledgeable in the world of media. Having our own twitter page gives our campaign the opportunity to be seen on a large scale, on an off change that someone coul d see our twitter account it could be very beneficial for them. However using the media as an approach does some with some disadvantages, such as not being able to teach vital skills. Using the media in our campaign didn’t allow us to go into detail and give the personal support that some individuals may need. Using twitter didn’t allow us to write much, only short sentences. This approach relates to the health belief model. The health belief model suggests that people will only seek help when they have to. Our target audience was forced to listen to our campaign as we were presenting it to them. But to them go away and search our twitter page because they needed help happens on their own accord, and has nothing to do with us. They will be seeking help because they believe that they may have been one of the teenage binge drinkers we aware talking about. The second approach is uses were the social marketing approach. Using this approach made me use my brain strategically to see if what I was doing in my campaign would had related to my audience. Using the social  marketing approach I decided to use an app to get some information across. Using an app was a good idea for my target audience. Most people in the room had an iPhone and were excited to hear that there was an app available. The excitement made people download it, hopefully the information on the app, and the help that is provided will have a positive effect on the adolescence. The model I used the theory of reasoned action. This is because my audience had had the intention to drink when they drink. But after my campaign and the information I showed them that intention changed. They now realised the problems that come with drinking at obsessive measures, and have changed their intentions to not wanting to drink. Now that the people who were in my audience have changed their intentions. According to the theory of reasoned action they will no longer be involved in drinking activity.

Omparison of Different Dentification of Subcultures Research Paper

Omparison of Different Dentification of Subcultures - Research Paper Example Abraham Maslow, a famous psychologist, suggested that all people have an internal motivation for belonging in order to reach their fullest potential (Changingminds.org, 1). This viewpoint offers that people in group subcultures will model their behaviors after others in the group as a means to find this belonging. This is very noticeable in The Vermonter group but occurs far less in the International group. Vermonters are very particular about their fashion and where these fashions are purchased due to their own stereotypes about the local shopping options and their focus on advertisements. Many students in this group enjoy retail magazines and regularly discuss the different trends and styles found within them. In some instances, it seems that this is the only social topic that some members have in common. The Vermonters are definitely a popular culture-oriented group that enjoys entertainment and considers issues of wealth, fashion and personal image. This group often looks to one another to validate their opinions, both male and female, but the method by which this is done in The Vermonters is quite different. Females regularly ask one another about their opinions on a new fashion item or social opinion while male students generally look for quality discussion through humor and studies. Â   Â   Â  The International group does not appear to have this same connection to popular culture because their individual viewpoints on issues of media and television did not show that these items were important to the International student group. Students in this subculture were not observed discussing pop culture and fashion/commercial issues at any point in the research. This could suggest a group that is focused mainly on studies or simply do not have the same consumer values as the local students. Â   Â   Â  There is a specific organizational culture which exists at Champlain College which begins at the leadership level. The college obviously has a long-term goal of creating students with many different talents (sociology, psychology, etc).

Introduction to the internet and e-business Assignment

Introduction to the internet and e-business - Assignment Example The transaction is completed when commission is divided between both estate agents because of being part of a transaction. Answer 2 Home Choice will benefit from having its own website because those customers, who could not travel and approach Home Choice at its offices, will directly log onto its website and submit their buying or selling bid. For instance, all parties and clients could be informed about available property units in different localities through automatic email generation process; thereby enhancing communication and business contacts with customers. Also, Home Choice will get a competitive edge because it could reduce by closing some money losing offices in expensive London city. Answer 3 An e-business is a business model that enables the organisations, end-users and governments to do business through leveraging technology and using the Internet and features of World Wide Web (the Web) to complete transactions (Roberts, 2004). Answer 4 Internet enables businesses and consumers in real time interaction and communication through email, videoconferencing, teleconferencing, chat etc. Indeed, these mentioned options are quite appropriate for transferring messages across the internet, thereby enabling communication at a very low cost. For instance, the use of Skype has further facilitated this message transfer from sender to recipient and feedback from recipient to sender. Answer 5 The main features of Hyper Text Markup Language include facilitation in multimedia objects, scripting, background colour, marquee, tags, style sheets, hyperlinks, tables and layout, forms and math etc. In other words, latest versions of HTML also include the new features that are still not completely explored. Answer 6 An internet is a network of networks through which end-users could connect to external world networks and people. Internet has, nevertheless, reduced boundaries among nations as people across USA could contact through a click to users 7,000 miles away in sub- continent. On the contrary, Intranet is an internal network that is used by organisations / institutions to enables its employees to transfer and share information within the premises. Whereas, extranet are also used by organisations to bridge gaps between / among their internal and external customers. For example, employees could share a company’s some (not all) internal information through extranet with their clients, suppliers, partners etc. Answer 7 First of all, Home Choice has to develop / design a website so that it could provide available buying and selling property units. Next, Home Choice has to implement an online purchase / sales system in which the admin will play the role of moderator. This would enable parties to communicate when they could approach company’s office for official visit to property unit and negotiations. Offers could also be submitted online in case face-to-face deal is not possible due to distance and time constraints. Answer 8 E-business is actually a different business model because it provides the luxury of online transactions without even travelling personally to shops, offices and showrooms. The model is proven successful when a company has established its brands and when it offers top quality brands at justified prices with excellent sales service. Circuit City, a US based supermarket which is now completely online based, is one of the major examples. However, the model does not proven successful if

Police Drones and Civil Liberties Research Paper - 1

Police Drones and Civil Liberties - Research Paper Example However, in some countries, most of the police drones are used during training practices as part of a pilot program. In countries like the United States, aerial drones are used in law enforcement in domestic capacity. The Department of Defense in the United States has argued that war in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iraq has been changed by the use of the drone technology. In Britain, the police department has developed plans for using the drones in monitoring road services. This involves monitoring the speed of vehicles, traffic jam, and even vehicle theft among others. Through this police can keep track of civilians who violate the driver regulations. It is used for collecting road data for traffic police making work more efficient. They are also used in supervising public events such as a presidential conference. In most of the developed countries, the police drones are used in monitoring the behavior of individuals in a public gathering to ensure security. According to Solan, Tiersma, and Conley (2005), this has been an important activity as protects individuals’ freedom of movement without fear. The police are also able to keep track of events in a public gathering even from far thus maintaining peace. Police drones are used in covert urban surveillance. This facilitates effective maintenance of security in urban areas where cases of insecurity are many. Since the drone is remote controlled it can be relocated in dangerous places without fear of losing an individuals life through attacks. It allows police officers to record the public activities with high-resolution without having to move for their security according to Gill and Phythian (2006). These activities include criminal acts and attacks by enemies.  

Effective leadership and implementation of EBP Essay

Effective leadership and implementation of EBP - Essay Example concentrated on information dissects to recognize patient safety issues and to show that another practice will prompt enhanced quality and patient safety. (Titler., 2008)Much less research consideration has been paid to how to actualize rehearses. (Titler., 2008) Yet, just by putting into practice what is gained from examination will mind be made safer. Implementing evidence-based safety practices are troublesome and need techniques that address the many-sided quality of frameworks of consideration, individual professionals, senior authority, and—at last changing medicinal services societies to be evidence-based safety practice environments. (Titler., 2008) Steps of knowledge move in the AHRQ model can be described in three real stages: (1) knowledge creation and distillation, (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7)(2) diffusion and dissemination, (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) and organizational adoption and implementation. (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) These phases of knowledge exchange are seen through the viewpoint of analysts/makers of new knowledge and start with figuring out what discoveries from the patient security portfolio or individual examination ventures should be spread. (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) Receive at nation, locale, and office levels the nine suggestions of the WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (Advanced Draft), specifically the implementation if multidisciplinary, multimodal hand cleanliness change systems inside medicinal services offices that join: Where liquor based handrubs are not accessible alternately are excessively unreasonable, consider nearby generation of handrubs utilizing the equation portrayed within the WHO Recommended Hand Antisepsis Formulation: Manual for Local Production. (WHO, 2007) Titler., M. G. (2008). Ch. 7 The Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation. In H. R. (Ed.), Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

American Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Presidency - Essay Example In general, each man who has held the position, has faced somewhat similar circumstances while holding the job, but have been forced to approach them from an individualistic standpoint that stays true to their respective convictions, while outlining their legacies in the pages of the history books that future generations will come to read. As for the American Presidency, the following are listed under Article II of the US Constitution in regards to the issue of the role of the office of the Presidency and in particular the tools available to its occupant; Chief Diplomat: Under the Constitution, the president has more authority over foreign policy than the other branches of the government (but not sole authority). The president can negotiate treaties (with consent of the Senate), appoint diplomatic personnel, and has sole power to recognize governments. Commander-in-Chief: The Constitution places the president as the head of the armed forces of the United States. One way to look at this is that he is the general of the generals. This is important because it guarantees civilian control over the military (something missing in many countries of the world). One of the last major challenges to the presidency as commanderin-chief came when General douglas McArthur challenged Truman's policies during the Korean War which led to President Truman's firing of McArthur. Chief Legislator: No bill propos... Commander-in-Chief: The Constitution places the president as the head of the armed forces of the United States. One way to look at this is that he is the general of the generals. This is important because it guarantees civilian control over the military (something missing in many countries of the world). One of the last major challenges to the presidency as commanderin-chief came when General douglas McArthur challenged Truman's policies during the Korean War which led to President Truman's firing of McArthur. Chief Legislator: No bill proposed by the congress can become a law without the president's signature. Thus the president is also involved in the process of legislation. But the Constitution mandates that the president "from time to time" inform the congress on the state of the union (the U.S.). By tradition, this has become a yearly event known as the State of the Union Address. Through this address the president helps to set legislative priorities for the coming year. ("The Presidency", p.1). Different President's come into office at different times during the course of their nation's history. Contrary circumstances that can lead different men in vastly different directions and lead them to having distinct Presidencies in their own right. In regards to what would enable a President to succeed, as well as what could make then fail, "Two hundred years of our country's history suggest that five qualities have been constants in the men who have most effectively fulfilled the oath of office. First, every successful president has had vision, insight, or understanding: a clear idea of

What is HIPAA 5010 How will it impact healthcare informatics How will Coursework

What is HIPAA 5010 How will it impact healthcare informatics How will ICD-10 codes impact informatics - Coursework Example The new version of the standards is expected to create a major impact on the functioning of the healthcare industry as it has been designed to enhance the electronic exchange of information related to eligibility, claim submission and their status, electronic remittance, authorization for treatment and referrals. The 5010 standards are to be implemented by software vendors and clearinghouses on January 1, 2012 (American Academy of Dermatology, 2010; Emdeon Business Services, 2010). The implementation of the 5010 set of standards will be followed by the implementation of a new set of International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) Clinical Modification codes that replaces the current ICD-9 CM codes. The ICD-10 which consists of more than 68,000 codes with increased specificity and includes details required for classification of morbidity and diagnostic specificity is required to be implemented from October 1, 2013. The additional codes will help reveal more information related to healthcare and hence the complications and outcomes of care can be ascertained easily and issues can be resolved through better design of algorithms (American Academy of Dermatology, 2010). Thus implementation of both 5010 and ICD-10 standards will help in the delivery of safer and quality healthcare to the

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Example for Free

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Processes of learning and the transfer of learning are critical to realize how human beings develop their competencies. Learning is critical as nobody is born with a capability to perform aptly as an adult in society. More importantly, it is necessary to understand the types of learning experiences and critical issues involve within that lead to transfer. Transfer is a capability to extend the knowledge that has been acquired in one context to other context. Educators say that students transfer their learning from one problem to other during a course, from one class in school to other class, between educational institutions and their homes, and from educational institutions to workplaces. Such assumptions regarding transfer of learning involves the belief that it is good to widely educate people despite just â€Å"train† them to conduct specific jobs. (Campbell, et. al. , 2007) Measures of transfer of learning have significance in assessing the level of people’s learning capabilities and experiences. Different types of learning experiences often appear to be same when they are examined by just focusing on remembering (remembering is defined as a quality to repeat the knowledge that has been acquired earlier), but the same experiences look different when transfer tests are conducted. Here are some of the major issues of learning and transfer that have significance in education: †¢ Initial learning is very essential for transfer. A very good amount of knowledge is known about the types of learning experiences that help transfer. †¢ Information that is excessively contextualized will reduce transfer; if the knowledge is presented in the form of â€Å"abstractâ€Å", it can enhance transfer. †¢ All new learning has transfer that is based on earlier learning; this thing is very important while designing instructions to help students in learning. ? 1. REFERENCES 1. Campbell, J. P. , Oblinger, D. G. , Chang, W. C. , Craig, E. M. , Diaz, V. , Fowler, S. B. , Kinley, E. , Little, J. K. , Molholt, P. , Siddall, S. E. , Trinkle, D. A. , 2007. Top-Ten Teaching and Learning Issues, 2007. Educause Quarterly. Viewed on 16 July 2010, Retrieved from: http://www. educause. edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/TopTenTeachingandLearningIssue/161828

Form and Structure of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Mike Leighs Abigails Party was primarily shown on television and wasnt initially meant for the stage, until it was realised how successful it was. The plot is based around a mirror of two partys, one involving 5 adults all living in the same estate but of very contrasting backgrounds and classes which Mike Leigh also depicts, and the other of the sixteen year old daughter of Sue, whos organised a typical teenage rave. The essence of the play is that generally speaking the younger generations should be observed at parties but in Mike Leighs example the irony is that the adults seem just as drunk and obscene as what is imagined next door. This is where the comedy arises and is developed throughout the play as the adults keep a close eye on the teenagers but there is no one to observe the adults. Mike Leigh has also drawn the attention of the audience by focusing on class by contrasting the classes of the characters, Beverly and Lawrence who are aspiring for true middle class, a poor newly married couple and a middle class divorcee. This situation in itself is controversial due to Sue not being nearly as wealthy as Beverly and Lawrence but being by far the most cultured of the group. Another example of this would be shown in Ang, her occupation as a nurse can actually be called a well known and accepted profession, although she has little money and isnt well cultured or travelled, as an outsider you can see the intelligence that Mike Leigh has tried to depict over the other characters. The play is composed of two acts, both of which surprisingly end with the focus on Sue, the most timid character. I think this was purposeful on Leighs behalf as although she seems to be a pretty insignificant character she holds a lot of unknown power over the people in her company. Especially Lawrence who realises her class is above his and he aspires to be like her by seeking her approval. As the play develops so does the amount of alcohol consumed and the tension between the two married couples. Especially from Beverly and Lawrences points of view as they start verbally abusing each other in the presence of their guests, which I believe would not occur otherwise as Ang, Tony and Sue would realise their true characters. Therefore I could also state that the play is structured around class, parties and also alcohol. Everything in the play including props, lighting and sound effects is ultra realistic. The set includes real food and drink with a working record player and lamps, which provide the naturalistic lighting throughout the whole play, and the constant thumping from next door really makes the situation believable. To enhance the realism, Mike Leigh also wrote the play in real time, this means that the duration of the play is natural over the period of an evening, with no days or hours skipped. Another tool used by Mike Leigh to develop true realism is the use of colloquial dialect. There is no stylised or poetic language and also no imagery used. It is written so the audience can easily place themselves in the characters positions. Discussing the structure of the play is hard considering the definitions of A Well Made Play 1.) Exposition (introduction of characters and situations) 2.) Conflict (a huge problem is bought to the surface) 3.) Complications (the problem develops) 4.) Climax (the most dramatic, and tension filled part of the play) 5.) Dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nouement (the resolution) The exposition occurs between pages 1 and 13 when the characters are introduced to each other and also the audience. This is the period when the audience makes their own assumptions of the characters, and they can recognise different relationships and tensions. This is when we also realise about Lawrences hectic lifestyle and frequent suffering of heartburn so that his heart attack doesnt come as a complete shock and the audience understand and sympathise more. The conflict is primarily to do with Beverly and Lawrences relationship and the strain that it is clearly under. But we also see the stress between Angela and Tony periodically. The complication is when the tension builds as more and more alcohol is consumed predominantly between Lawrence and Beverly. The climax is clearly Lawrences heart attack, which is the outcome, of a stressful job, a nagging wife, being polite to unwelcome guests the consumption of alcohol and the constant thumping of the party next door. This is when the focus and drive of the play changes completely from the future life these characters have built themselves to the present situation. Lastly the dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nouement. In Abigails Party there doesnt seem to be a definite resolution, the play is left on a cliff hanger as the audience is left in the dark as to whether the conflicts have been resolved and if not the final outcome of the situation. Abigails Party is referred to as a comedy, but of various types, it contains a slight element of black comedy in the fact that Lawrence has a heart attack. But throughout the play, Leigh develops another form of comedy, not through one-liners, but due to the characters dialogue and movement etc. For example, Tonys monosyllabic answers, Angelas lack of social etiquette, Sues shyness and total dislike of the situation, Lawrences frequent cultural references even though everyone can see he is uneducated in Shakespeare and Beethoven and is simply attempting and failing to reach a higher social class (nouveaux riches). And Beverlys clear lack of self-control concerning Tony and insulting Angelas lipstick. Abigails Party is essentially written as a comedy, until the end, which presents more opportunities, and shows a more tragic and retrospective feel. This play is unique in that it is completely down to the director as to how they depict it as it can be of two extremes tragic or comic, excluding Lawrences death, which is clearly comic with the reference to Angs cramp etc. In the production I saw, it was comic and I thought this worked well but having considered it to be a tragic play I think this could be just as effective.

The Jnanas in Meditation

The Jnanas in Meditation Concentration, the ability to detach oneself from the environment and the attainment of insight and later on Nirvana are the reasons why students enrol themselves in meditation classes. Because of these, any one teaching meditation should pay special attention in helping and guiding the student in attaining these goals. In this end, the jnana can be used by the teacher to enhance the student’s practice of meditation and lead the path to enlightenment and gaining inner peace. The Jnana: What is it all about? Jnana is a term that is used for most meditation practices, and can be found in other writings with varying spellings depending on the language being used. The term jnana that will be used in this module is from the Pali language. Other spellings of the word are gnana or gnaan in the Sanskrit language, or dhyana also in Sanskrit. Regardless of its spelling and language using it, the term is used to denote the presence of knowledge of an individual. This meaning is one of the most widely used in meditation centers based on various religious beliefs. The meaning of the word, which is knowledge, can vary depending on what context it is being used. Jnana and its context of knowledge revolves around an occurrence in the cognitive aspect of the individual where something is not just learned, but experienced by the individual. Because of this close association, the knowledge that the individual can gain from an event cannot be separated from his or her actual experience of it and it attached to the reality in which the meditator has experienced the learning. In some cases, it is also connected to a supreme being that is present in the material world (or the Mahesha-dhama) like Siva-Sakti. In Buddhist practices of meditation such as the Tibetan Buddhists, jnana is used to denote a state of awareness that is pure and free from conceptual disruptions and other forms of distractions. This is also used as a contradictory concept to vijnana, which is known as divided knowing. It is believed that when a meditator decides to practice and start practicing jnana and go through the Jnana or Bhimis, then that meditator may experience the presence of complete state of enlightenment and achievement of Nirvana. According to the venerable Mahasi Sayadaw, who is an authority in the Vipassana meditation in Buddhism, there are several nanas or knowledge as the person meditates. What the teacher must stress to his or her students is that these knowledge are to be experienced in stages chronologically. Also, it should be made clear that progression from one stage to another does not have a specific time frame since it can vary from being experienced for only a short period of time up to several years. The intensity in which these knowledge are experienced as also vary as well. The Jnana and Samadhi Aside from being used to gain knowledge related to the experience of things, the jnanas can also be used to refer to several states of Samadhi. This occurs when the meditator has learned to detach himself or herself from attributes of his or her mind in the quest to meditate better. When this detachment is attained, the mind of the meditator would become more stable and firm in the blocking of distractive thoughts and his or her ability to concentrate on the focus of the mediation will be improved greatly. Samadhi is the result of this increased concentration of the mind of the meditator practicing the jnana. As mentioned in the previous section, there are several levels of the jnana, and these levels can be applied in the practice of Samadhi as well. The term appana Samadhi is applied when the first to the fourth jnana are grouped together. This is especially true when the term is used by the disciples of the Buddha. The Use of the Jnana in Buddhist Traditions Jnana has been present in Buddhist literatures for a long time and it is mostly associated with any form of meditation. The first to the fourth stage of jnana are considered in the early Buddhist traditions as the right meditation. Because of this context in which it was used jnana has been associated mostly with the meaning it was given by the followers of the Buddha. In early Buddhist texts, it has also been found that the Buddha himself has engaged in the practice of the jnana as he was on his quest to find enlightenment. The practice of the jnana was used by the Buddha to this end because he learned that the meditation practices that he used were not particularly leading him to achieve the state of Nirvana. Prior to using the jnana, the Buddha has used other forms of meditation, but because these did not lead him to Nirvana, he became disillusioned. This has led him to recall a state of meditation he did when he was a child and followed it. In the Maha-Saccaka Sutta, it was mentioned that the Buddha has entered the first jnana and he called this the path to Awakening. If the Buddha himself did the jnana and used them in his quest for Nirvana, then the teacher must stress to students of meditation that indentifying and overcoming the obstacles to concentration is necessary before they are able to enter the stages of jnana. In the Upakkilesa Sutta, the Buddha was written to be saying that during the practice of meditation and the meditator starts doubting his or her capacity to carry on the meditation, the concentration would fall and the focus would be diverted. This is important to be avoided by the meditator through remaining diligent in keeping the focus of the meditation on the forefront of his or her mind and ensuring that attention is kept and not just the concentration. Because the Buddha has mentioned that the jnana is the path to achieve liberation and awakening, meditators should be encouragedto develop this as well if they are in the path to liberation and awakening as well. The Stages of the Jnana Pali has described all eight stages of the jnana in a progressive manner. Four of these eight stages are called rupa jnana or meditations or form, while the other four are called arupa jnana or the formless meditations. Rupa jnana is loosely translated to mean fine material jnana. The rupa jnanas are the stages of meditation in which the meditator experiences a deeper level of collectedness of thought and concentrarion. Moreover, each level of the rupa jnana have their intrinsic qualities which are derived from each other and can disappear. The first to fourth jnana are: The First Jnana. In this level of the jnana, the meditator experiences the presence of rapture, directed thoughts, pleasure, evaluation of thoughts, unification of the mind, mindfulness, presence of contact, feelings and perception, intention, consciousness, persistence, desire and attention. The Second Jnana. The second jnana is manifested by the presence of pleasure and rapture, unification of the mind, contact, perception and feeling, intention, desire and consciousness, persistence, decision and attention, equanimity and mindfulness. Also, in this level, there is the presence of internal assurance. The Third Jnana. This stage includes the feeling of equanimity-pleasure, contact, perception, feeling, intention, desire, consciousness, persistence, decision, mindfulness, attention and equanimity. The Fourth Jnana. The fourth level stage of the jnana is represented by the presence of an unconcern based on the presence of serenity of awareness; a feeling of equanimity, presence of unification of the mind and the other things that are experienced in the earlier stages of the jnana. Apart from the things occurring in each of the first to the fourth jnanas, there are qualities that remain specific to each stage. In the first jnana, there is the presence of subtlest forms of mental movement and the complete disappearance of the five hindrances. Moreover, intense and unified form of bliss remains and the person’s capacity to have unwholesome intentions stops. The second jnana is related to the cessation of all mental movements and the experience of bliss. In the third jnana, joy that is considered to be one half of the feeling of bliss disappears from the perception of the individual. And finally in the fourth jnana, happiness which is the other half of the feeling of bliss disappears and leading to the neutral feeling of neither pain nor pleasure. Also, it is said that this state renders the breathing of the person to temporarily cease. The arupa jnanas, of the formless meditation contains the other four stages of jnana. These states of the jnanas are written in literatures as formless or immaterial. This led this to be called as the Formless Dimensions in some translation and has helped in distinguishing it apart from the first four jnanas. Contrary to the other stages, these four are used to expand the presence of the concentration that is attained from the first to the fourth jnanas. Also, when the eight jnana has been attained, the meditator can experience enlightenment and complete dwelling in emptiness. The four jnanas in the arupa jnanas are: The Dimension of Infinite Space. In this dimension of the jnanas, the following qualities are removed from consciousness such as the singleness of the mind, perception of the dimension of the infinitude of space, attention, equanimity, decision, persistence, mindfulness, feeling, perception, contact, intention, desire, and consciousness. The Dimension of Infinite Consciousness. In this stage of the jnana, the following qualities of the mind of the meditator are eliminated like the perception of the dimension if the infinitude of consciousness, contact, feeling, unification of the mind, consciousness, intention, desire, perception, persistence, decision, attention, equanimity and mindfulness. The Dimension of Nothingness. In this dimension of the jnana, the perception of the dimension of nothingness, contact, the singleness of mind, perception, feelings, intention, desire, consciousness, decision, mindfulness, persistence, attention and equanimity are ferreted out from the mind of the meditator. The Dimension of Neither Perception nor Non-Perception. In this final stage and dimension of the jnanas, no qualities or characteristics of the mind of the meditator are to be ferreted out, instead, the individual experiences awakening. NOTE: The teacher would have to stress out to the student that although the two stages, the Dimension of Nothingness and the Dimension of Neither Perception nor Non-Perception are considered to be part of the jnanas that are described by the Buddha as part of the path to enlightenment, they are not part of the Noble Eightfold Path. This is because according to the Eightfold Path, the last is the Samma Samadhi or the Right Concentration. This is only part of the first to the fourth jnanas, and therefore considered to be just the start of attaining concentration. The teacher must therefore take his or her student through all the stages of the jnanas with the focus on the stage of having his or her perceptions and feelings cease to exist. E.The Nirodha-Samapatti In his path to attaining Nirvana the Buddha has made a discovery higher than the eight stage of the jnanas, or the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception. This is called the nirodha-samapatti, or the cessation of feelings and perceptions, and is sometimes considered to be the ninth jnana. The Jnanas and the Attainment of Insight Buddhist texts present the thought that if a meditator was able to progress into the ninth stage of the jnana or the stage of the nirodha-samapatti after going through all the eight stages of the jnana, liberation is attained. The meditator uses the jnana in an effort to rest the mind and to sharpen and strengthen it in the process. When this happens, he or she will be able to focus the attention into finding out the true nature of the dhamma and go on the quest to higher forms of knowledge. In this way, it can be said that the more time the meditator stays in the state of jnana, his or her mind becomes more powerful and sharper as a result. Moreover, because the presence of the five hindrances are controlled or suppressed for an extended period of time after the meditator enters the jnana, he or she will be able to feel clearer, will be full of compassion, mindful, and experience the feeling light and peaceful after meditating. Despite this positive results that the jnana brings to meditators, teachers should warn their students that they should not mistake this or assume for this to be the stage of enlightenment. What the teacher has to the student is that the practice of jnana alone cannot lead him or her to enlightenment, but it can help him or her suppress the presence of defilements that disrupt meditation. The meditators should use the jnana as a tool to develop deeper sense of knowledge and as a means to cultivate their insight on things which can help them to attain Nirvana. In the Theravada Buddhist tradition commentary made in the Visuddhimagga, the meditato is usually found in the state of post-jnana access concentration after he or she comes out of the jnana. When in this state, the meditator would be able to carry out the analysis and investigation of the true nature of phenomena and how they begin, develop insight into the characteristic impermanence of things and of suffering and the non-self. These things can only be experienced by the meditator if he or she practices the core concepts of the Buddha’s teachings. If the Visuddhimagga has included that the practice of vipassana is done after the person emerges from the jnana, it is contradicted by what is written on the suttas. In these works, it is said that the meditator can practice vipassana and gain insight while in the jnana. In fact, it encourages the meditator to stay in the fourth jnana after entering it so that the presence of mental defilements are removed and uprooted before working to attain insight can be started. Mastery of the Jnanas A successful entry and attainment of the jnana cannot be achieved if the person would just progress from one state after the other only. This means that for the meditator to fully realize the jnanas, he or she would have to attain a mastery the present state he or her is doing first before wanting to go on to higher stages. This mastery will help the meditator to easily enter and leave the jnanas at will and experience them when he or she requires it. Another benefit of this is that it will avoid the confusion that can occur later on when the manifestations of a lower level of jnana shows itself in the higher states. The following aspects of jnana mastery should be included by the teacher in instructing and guiding as student meditator in to higher jnanas in the quest to attain insight, liberation and enlightenment. Mastery in adverting. In this aspect of mastery, the student meditator should be taught on how to advert certain factors of thejnanas especially when the meditator has just emerged from it. This, he or she should be able to do at will. Mastery in attaining. This aspect allows the meditator to quickly enter the jnana quickly. Mastery in resolving. This happens when the meditator is able to remain in the jnana for a certain period of time. Mastery in emerging. The mastery of emerging allows the meditator to emerge from a stage of jnana quickly and without any perceived difficulty. Mastery in reviewing. This occurs when there is an ability on the part of the meditator to review the jnana and other factors related to it while gaining knowledge in the process. References: Richard Shankman,The Experience of Samadhi an in depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation, Shambala publications 2008 Venerable Sujivo,Access and Fixed Concentration. Vipassana Tribune, Vol 4 No 2, July 1996, Buddhist Wisdom Centre, Malaysia. Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000). The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications.ISBN 0-86171-331-1. Henepola Gunaratana,The Jhanas in Theravada Buddhist Meditation. Pali CanonsAnguttara NikayaandDhammapada, by John T. Bullitt. Jhanas Advice: Information about the Jhanas from Tina Rasmussen and Stephen Snyder, authors ofPracticing The Jhanas: Traditional Concentration Meditation As Presented By The Venerable Pa Auk Sayadaw by Snyder, Stephen; Rasmussen, Tina. Shambhala: 2009.ISBN 978-1-59030-733-5 Jeffrey S, Brooks,The Fruits (Phala) of the Contemplative Life

The Davids of the World :: essays papers

The David's of the World Sometime soon after the year 1430, a bronze statue of David stood in the courtyard of the house of the Medici. The work was commissioned of Donatello by Cosimo d'Medici himself, the founding father of the Republic of Florence. It was the first free-standing, life sized nude since classical victorious athletes of Greece and Rome. But soft, and some how oddly unheroic. And the incongruity of the heads: of hair and shaded by a laurel-crowned peasant's hat; Goliath's tragic, contorted expression, made sharper by the pentagonal helmet and coarse, disheveled beard. Innocence and evil. The weak triumphing over the strong. The city of Florence triumphing over the aggressive dukes of Milan? "David" as a civic-public monument. In the year 1469, Ser Piero from the Tuscan town of Vinci moved to Florence to become a notary. He rented a house on the Piazza San Firenze, not far from the Palazzo Vecchio. His son, who was a mere 17 years old upon their arrival, began and apprenticeship in the Florentine studio of the well known artist, Andrea Verrocchio. At this time, Veracchio was at work on a bronze sculpture of the young David. Might the head of this fine piece be a portrait of the young Leonardo da Vinci? For many years a block of marble lay untouched, tossed aside as unusable, irretrievable evidence of a botched attempt to carve a human form. It was eighteen feet high. A young sculptor, 26 years old, riding high after the enormous success of his figure of the Virgin Mary holding the dead Christ, decided to ask for the piece. The wardens of the city in charge of such things let the artist have it. What did they have to lose? Getting anything out of it was better than nothing. So this young sculptor named Michelangelo measured and calculated. He mad a wax model of David with a sling in his hand. And he worked on his David continuously for some three years, until, a man named Vasari tells us, he brought it to perfect completion. Without letting anyone see it. A century later, a young sculptor, 25 years old, stares into a mirror at his steeled jaw and determined brow. A contemporary source tells us that on this day, perhaps, the mirror is being held by Cardinal Maffeo Berberini while Bernini transfers what he sees in himself to the face of his David.

Differences and Similarities of Short Stories :: The Withered Arm The Red Room Essays

Differences and Similarities of Short Stories In this essay I will be comparing the differences and similarities of four short stories I have read, , 'The Signalman', The Red Room', 'The Man with the Twisted Lip' and 'The Withered Arm' also I will be looking at how the writers have created an atmosphere. The four stories are all of mystery and try to keep the reader gripped until the end, all have areas in which there is suspense. In 'The Signalman' Charles Dickens keeps the reader in suspense because when the ghost visits the signal man you don't really know who the haunting warning is for. In 'The Red Room' H.G. Wells keeps the reader in suspense because when the ghost is sighted it is never really described. In 'The Man with the Twisted Lip' Arthur Conan Doyle keeps the reader in suspense by not actually telling if it is a murder on just disappearance. Also in 'The Withered Arm' Thomas Hardy keeps the reader in suspense because you find out who Gertrude catches the rash from. Each writer had a setting and different historical background 'The Signal Man' was written in 1866 by Charles Dickens, the surroundings for his story was an old railway station with old steam trains. The Man with the Twisted Lip' written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was written in 1860. This story was one of many Sherlock Holmes tales which display aspects of life in the last decade of Victorians reign. 'The Red Room' by H.G Wells was a Gothic horror story, which had traditional scenery at a castle (Loraine castle). 'The Red Room' was written in 1894, H.G Wells makes it obvious how ancient and old fashioned everything in the castle was. 'The Withered Arm' by Thomas Hardy was written in 1865 and located in Wessex, around Dorchester which Thomas Hardy calls Caster bridge the county town of Dorset where most of his stories were set. 'The Signalman' by Charles Dickens was set at an old rail way station, with steam trains. The idea of a signal box in the countryside and being manually operated, gives a sense of historical background for today's readers. 'The Man with the Twisted Lip' by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was set in the streets of East London. A few years before the story was written a famous sequential killer 'Jack the Ripper' murdered people on the very same streets where the story was based on in the story it said "An endless succession of sombre and deserted streets. This gives the effect that the streets are frightening and vicious. 'The Red Room' by H.G Wells is a Gothic Horror story set in a

Competency Statement III Complete Essay

To support social and emotional development and to provide positive guidance. SELF I will support each child’s social and emotional development and provide positive guidance to teach them to learn their own self-worth and self-value: By using positive reinforcement to build up each child’s self-esteem By giving pats on the back and hugs to comfort and help each child feel emotionally secure By making sure I am always pleasant and smiling at the children during times of play or teaching, making them feel of value By loving each child and never allowing partiality, I will teach them their value as individuals I believe that every person/child deserves the right to have self-esteem; I believe that this leads us to become much more stable emotionally and socially. I will achieve this by treating each child with respect; listening to each as an individual, taking their feelings seriously, and including each child as a valuable person during group times. My goal is to have a positive attitude at all times, so that I can be an example by my actions. SOCIAL I will support the social and emotional development and provide positive guidance to each child, by giving them the tools they need to develop their social psyche to become productive citizens: By using self-control at all times, I will teach each child appropriate behavior By listening to and respecting all of the children and adults in our environment, I will teach each child to listen to others By modeling  appropriate emotional skills in showing genuine concern for the well-being of others, I will teach each child empathy and forgiveness As teachers of young children, we must help each child in their social development. Part of achieving this goal is to make sure the children interact with each of the other throughout the day; I will achieve this by planning activities where the children can mingle and have different friends at each station. I will also make sure that everyone participates in whole class games and other fun activities that promote teamwork. I will make sure that I am a good example by communicating and being friendly with each child’s parent/care-giver. GUIDANCE I will support the social and emotional development and provide positive guidance by educating children in learning how to make decisions that lead to self-control and self-discipline: By giving positive encouragement for each endeavor, I will encourage them to succeed By demonstrating how to perform a skill with slow and simple directions, I will teach them that they can do anything By being alert to the needs of each child, I can ensure that each child learns to be independent I will use kind body language to direct a child towards the desired behavior I will provide assistance geared towards helping each child reach their full potential. I will work with other staff and parents to set goals for each child. I believe that persistent positive guidance will help each child reach their desired outcomes. Training up children in learning how to navigate life. CSIIIa: I support the development of a child’s positive self-concept and growing social/emotional skills by making sure they feel safe and loved. In giving value to each child’s opinion and by listening to their concerns, they will feel self-worth and be better equipped to value someone else’s opinion; then I gently guide them to understand why a rule must be followed, teaching  compliance. I use consistency in my requirements, which provides them with specific boundaries and teaches them self-control because they understand the consequence of self-actions. Knowing that they are valued helps their self-concept to bloom, and leads to self-confidence and self-worth. A child who feels accepted and loved can slowly learn the social and emotional skills they need. CSIIIb: My philosophy in guiding a young child’s positive behavior is to be a friendly positive influence, giving them lots of love and understanding. I believe that positive reinforcement leads to better behavior in a child; they desire to please the care-giver who makes them feel wanted and valued. My mother guided me this way as a child, and I have used it in my work with children with great success. In several cases where a child, in my care, has repeated challenging behavior, I learned to ignore that behavior, but give attention for good behavior; these children respond to the positive reinforcement and become my helper and learn to improve their social skills.

Nursing Care for Dissociative Indentity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder is a common mental disorder. American Psychiatric Association (2000) defines DID as, â€Å"presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the individual’s behaviour, accompanied by an inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness† (as cited in Ringrose, 2011, p. 294). Coons (1998) states that an individual suffering from DID shows different personalities who may have different ages, names, and functions (as cited in Gentile, Dillon & Gillig, 2013, p. 24). The original personality is host and developed personalities are alters who may have different level of conciousness and knowledge (Persin, 2011, p. 58). It is complex type of disorder, Briere & Elliott (2003) and Spitzer et al. (2006) estimate that 1 to 3 percentage of total population are suffering from DID in North America (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 3). The complexities in personality of the DID patient make difficulty in treatment; however, Chlebowski and Gregory (2012) argue that sychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, group and family therapy are common for the treatment methods for DID (p. 165). By developing effective long term nursing care plan, and implementing it through the individual, family or group therapy, nursing intervention can play important role f or the treatment of DID patient having different symptoms. DID patients may show several symptoms including amnesia, identity confusion, identity alteration, feeling of loss of time and space, flashbacks, nightmares, headache, and emotional instability. Steinberg’s (2004) structured clinical interview for the diagnosis of DID identifies the five core symptoms as amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, identity confusion and identity alteration (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). DID patient may also have the symptoms such as fear of others, loneliness, deep insecurity and lack of a coherent sense of self, loss of time and space, flashbacks, nightmares, fragmented and missing memories, headaches, emotional instability ranging from extremes of rage and fear through to numbing and inability to feel (McAllister, 2000, p. 26). Coons (1998) identifies some somatic symptoms such as pseudoseizures, conversion, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary disturbances (as cited in Gentile, Dillon & Gillig, 2013, p. 24). Coons further agrues that DID patients usually show the signs such as eye rolling, eye blinking, trancelike behaviour, and changes in posture during changing of personality from host to alter. Some of the DID patients also report dissociative symptoms of extrasensory experiences such as hallucinations (Gillig, 2009, p. 26). Whatever the symptoms the DID patient shows, there are underlying several traumatic causes for the patient suffering on his/her childhood. DID is acquired in the childhood due to severe ongoing neglect, physical, emotional, psychological and sexual abuse. Lev-Weisel (2008) states that when child gets abused, mostly sexually abused, he/she thinks the body no longer be a safe home, and thinks to get rid from the abused situation (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). This situation develops dissociative behaviours in an individual as a coping mechanism. Curtis (1988), and Ross and Fraser (1987) argue that repeatition of abuse strengthens the defense mechnism of dissociation which allows abusive memories to be stored in different memory banks so that alter is formed with different personalities to handle the abuse (as cited in Precin, 2011, p. 8). Gold, Hill, Swingle and Elphant (1999) and Volkman (1993) state that the severity of the DID depends on child's age at the time of abuse, duration and severity of abuse, emotional attachment to the abuser, and psychological factors (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). In addition to severe child abuse, Armstrong (1991), and Main and Solomon (1986) identify that a disorganized attachment style, and the absence of social as well as familial support also develop DID (as cited in Gillig, 2009, p. 24). Several therapies are in practice for the treatment of the DID such as sychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, art therapy, hypnosis, group and family therapy. Among them common treatments for DID identified by Pais (2009) include individual, family, or group therapy, creative arts therapies, pharmacotherapy and clinical hypnosis (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 44). Due to complexity of disorder and multiple personalities to treat within an individual, Weber (2007) reports that its treatment is often long as well as challenging with possibility of remission scarce (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 3). Chlebowski and Gregory (2012) argue that the treatment model with the largest empirical basis has been Kluft's (1999) individualized and multistaged treatment (p. 167). They state, â€Å"It involves making contact and agreement among alters to work towards integration, accessing and processing trauma with occasional use of hypnosis, learning new coping skills, and eventually fusion among the alters and the self† (p. 167). O'Reilly in1996 develops a nursing therapy model for the treatment of DID patient that focuses basically on three stages: reassuring present safety, associating important merories by ensuring patient confidence, and listening, applying and sharing the interpretation (as cited in McAllister, 2000, p. 31). McAllister et al. after an action research in 2001 find that nurse can reassociate the memory of DID patient by developing effective individualized as well as group therapeutic relationship with the patient (P. 31). Association of dissociative memory is quite challenging work among the psychotherapist; however, longitudanal individual and group therapies are still considered as effective methods for the treatment of DID. With patient's support on treatment, nursing intervention may be effective method for the treatment of DID patient by developing longitudanal, individualized and multistaged effective care plan. Some studies on nursing therapy for DID patient show its potentiality for the treatment; however, further research is necessary to identify its effectiveness.

Harrison Brothers Corporation Kwanghun Cheong Essay

1. Background Harrison Brothers Corporation (HBC) is traditional department store that extends business field from clothing to home furnishing and home items recently to become the leading chain of department stores in the Northeast. Today’s customers are quickly changing needs to have something for both value and specialization. In addition, competitors such as superstores and giant discounters are increasing. CEO of HBC clarified the company’s strategy; that is reposition of offering exciting brand names, excellent sales help, and frequent sales. Furthermore, CEO has been agonizing HR function since he felt the employee quality and performance would be important to get the strategic goal. 2. Problem Definition Main problem of HBC’s HR department is that organization model of HR department does not function as strategic business partner. In the short run, HBC does not keep a well-trained, highly motivated workers and there is a shortage of professional employees all the time. In the long run, the HR department does not contribute to achieving the company’s strategic goal. 3. Cause of Problem (Analysis) 1) Insufficiency of aggressive act to external environmental changes As competitors increase, the HR department has difficulty retaining competent employees. So, they spend most of time doing administrative role such as recruiting and training new employees. Even though sales employees are key to promote business, new employees who are wanting in ability are assigned to sales. â€Å"We get some employees who cannot effectively complete the cash register training. Our training tries to expose them to selling techniques and how to properly interact with customer† 2) Organization model of HR department which does not align with strategy Though the company is traditionally highly decentralized, HR functions are extremely centralized. So, there is a gap between the HR department and the other sales departments, and the HR department eventually cannot consider the business oriented strategy. Also, as independent HR department, there are 3 staffs except a trainer and a payroll clerk. So, they cannot deal with extension of  business because of increasing administrative job. 3) HR manager’s lack of strategic awareness Although HBC ask the HR manager to become a business partner, she focuses on internal issues such as amendment of HR process and managing HR team. Ex) As the results of questionnaire completed by HR (Exhibit 1.4), the HR manager focuses on staffing and performance management, while store managers ask HR to focus on knowledge of business and managing change additionally. 4) Others Short term result principal makes difficulty training to sense customers’ sensitive changes. HR department has been recognized cost center. 4. Alternative Solutions 1) Restructuring HR policies which is suitable for strategy HBC should Induce professional employees’ long service through amendment of Compensation system AS WAS  TO BE Compensation system . Monthly term incentive . Minimum base pay . Long term incentive . Raise base pay Long term incentive : paying incentive to employees after 2 or 3 years in the light of personal and company performance. (Effects : inducing employees of ability, retaining them) To stabilization of livelihood, base pay should be raised below budget. For the early maturity of newly market entry, HBC should prepare for system of reaction to changes such as holding regularly market trend seminars. 2) Establishing strategic suitable HR model HR’s administrative role should be empowered to sales managers and HR department just should take a role of professional group and advice to sales managers. So, sales managers should be responsible for man-power management such as evaluation, recruiting, and termination. On the other hand, HR department focuses on consulting sales organizations to become a value-adding strategic partner. Additionally, it also concentrates on structuring organization culture and managing sensitive changes. HR should have pay policy role, but valueless payroll function should be outsourced because payroll function is simple and repetitive if policy is definite. In addition, where new employee can learn selling techniques well is sales departments. So, the role should be decentralized to the sales departments. When all the HR’s role and functions are newly defined, sales and operation managers should get involved to all the organization become more strategic. AS WAS  TO BE HR Organization chart . HR manager . HR assistant 2 . Trainer . Payroll clerk (5 employees) . HR manager . HR assistant 2 (3 employees) HR’s function . Recruiting & Interviewing . Structuring & Operating HR policy . Training new employees . Payroll (McCain’s view) . Structuring HR policy . Consulting . Structuring organization Culture . Managing changes Sale’s function . Sales . Sales . Operating HR policy . Training new employees 3) HR manager Replacement Brenda should be forward deployed to sales department to systematically train as the future HR manager successor who fully understand management and whole organization. HBC should assign the new HR manager who perfectly understands business and strategy from either external HR expertise or one of the sales manager. The current superficial problem is shortage of professional employees and the root problem is that HR organization model is not align with strategy. To  solve the superficial problem HBC should push forward restructuring HR policies. Unless this problem is solved, it is meaningless to say the future of the company. Also, to solve root problem, HR organization model should be made a radical reform. When HR supports the company’s strategy, the company can be developed in one direction. On the other hand, HR manager replacement is extreme action and it could make whole organization increase tension. So, this action should be acted as a last resort.

Family Affairs Essay

For this paper, I selected two works of literature, â€Å"The Love of My Life,† and â€Å"Everyday Use. † â€Å"The Love of My Life† by T. Coraghessan Boyle deals with teenage love that transition into turmoil. â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker revolves around the social and economic differences between generations. Throughout this paper, I will be comparing the economic, educational, and social cultures of the families presented in each story. While both stories take very different paths, both illustrate the depth of which family members will go for one another. There are several relations exemplifying social comparisons. Jeremy and China are both young souls venturing out to learn the life lessons of the surrounding world. Mama, Maggie and the pretentious Dee have very conflicting views of the world. One of the social differences the families face is the contrast in age differences. Jeremy and China are from the same generation. They share many of the same views and perspectives on events and situations around them. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, there are two different generations that have conflicting views. This internal conflict between Mama and Dee is the leading comparison of their story. Jeremy and China, have an external force applying conflict onto their relationship. Their poor choices have led them down a path in which strife and confrontation are inevitable. One is shown this when Jeremy and China are arguing in the hotel room over the handling of their situation (Boyle 561). Conversely there is an internal conflict between Mama and Dee. Walter shows Dee never brings anyone home due to her embarrassment of her family (Walker 315). In both situations, conflicts pull the families apart but their love for each other holds them together through their difficult situations. The economic differences are the most apparent difference between the two families. Jeremy and China both come from upper middle class families. Boyle speaks of their playing tennis and watching football on a 36 inch TV in the kitchen (Boyle 556). In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Mama goes into detail about the description of their house. She states that it does not have windows, but it has hide shaped holes in the make shift walls (Walker 316). The economic differences between the two families are clear. The family with a stable financial background could easily avoid the type of strife Jeremy and China are faced with. Along that same pattern of thought, there should be some level of ignorance for one’s actions within Mama’s family. Ignorance is exemplified by Jeremy and China with their lack of regard for their actions, while Dee shows a sense of pride for her heritage for the first time in her life. This shows an interesting conflict between the relationship of economic stability and the choices one makes. Simply put, there is not a simple choice. This is compelling because those of privilege often find themselves in situations of despair due to the poor choices they make. Another striking and illumination difference is the education of these families. Jeremy and China are heading off to college to further their young minds. However, this gives one a sense that they should be more aware of the consequences their actions may bring. This however is not the case. Jeremy and China both set off on a path of self-gratification and leave little room for reasoning and foresight. One is drawn to the conclusion that China and Jeremy are intelligent young adults. They both have been accepted to respectable universities, and China is striving to outshine others with a higher GPA (Boyle 559). Contrary to China and Jeremy, Mama states that she is not very well educated. Mama did not receive an education past the second grade due to her school’s closing (Walker 316). However, her daughter Dee is off at college taking her education to a level her mother couldn’t achieve. The education gap between mother and daughter leads to both the conflict and the sympathy between the two. The educational comparison between these two families goes against today’s social expectations. The more educated family goes down a terrible life altering path, while the less educated family has a conflict over quilts. Usually one finds those with less education in situations where foresight and planning would prevent their problem, but in these stories, it is just the opposite. A more in-depth look at the social constraints facing our two families in question reveals several insights. You have one group that is provided for in every way they need. They are given all the tools they need to succeed in life. They come from a background of money and privilege. All of their basic needs and desires are taken care of with minimal effort on their part. The other group is one more of a post-civil rights movement in which education and luxury were not easy to come by. This group also spans a generational gap that is not present in their counter parts. Given the nature in which hard work and sacrifice was all Mama knew, she passed that on to her daughter while unknowingly protecting them from the ill-faded temptations of the privileged Jeremy and China. Taking a look at how the society views those with privilege and education, one often hears â€Å"I can’t believe something like that would happen to them. † Yet those same people hear of the less privileged having the same types of problems. They instantly jump to blaming their upbringing or surrounding. In Jeremy and China’s case, if their privileged lives meant a better education and upbringing, they should have foreseen trouble. Similarly, the hard work and sacrifice instilled by Mama into Dee led her to reach out and gain an appreciation for her family and heritage that she never had before. After looking at the differences between the economical, educational, and social cultures of our two families, it is apparant many different factors go into the possible outcome of one’s path. Above all else, it comes down to a choice. Jeremy and China made a choice just like Mama and Dee made a choice. The surrounding factors play only a small fraction into the outcome when the right choices are made. Whether one pick’s â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker or â€Å"The Love of My Life† by T. Coraghessan Boyle, changing the choices our protagonists would completely change the outcome of each story. Just because one is privileged doesn’t mean one will make the right decisions. The power of a choice lies within a person’s willingness to overcome economical, educational, and social perils. Work Cited Walker, Alice. â€Å"Everyday Use. † Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 5th ed. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2012. 314-21. Print. Boyle, T. Coraghessan. â€Å"The Love of My Life. † Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 5th ed. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2012. 556-69. Print.

Marketing Budget Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Budget Summary - Essay Example Going through the history of the events Panera has organized it can be approximated that the company will spend around 10 million in 2007. Panera operates a newsletter and website to increase the awareness about its products and services amongst the customers which are examples of the items that will come under publications. As the newsletter is based on a subscription model the expenditure on the newsletter is covered by the subscription fee. However the cost of maintenance of the website and its content and other publications items will require some additional expenditure in the future. Thus publications will require a spending of around can be approximated 1 million in 2007. As Panera's bakery products are its major market the marketing expenditure for that segment will be the highest in 2007, followed by caf products and then pantry products. Ideally the marketing budget should be based on the proportion of the product category wise sales. However, due to unavailability of such data these values have been derived based on judgment. Panera has a vast operation in 36 states. Having such a vast operation it must divide its marketing budget area wise as well. There are several ways for making a region wise division of the market budget.

The Gold Rush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Gold Rush - Essay Example Apparently, the search for gold in the silent narrative establishes the point where the conflict develops as the main characters find themselves seeking after desperate means to obtain food and shelter. Though â€Å"The Gold Rush† illustrates the serious theme with comic relief via Chaplin’s signature slapstick routine, the borrowed ‘Tramp’ character herein projects no element of formalism. The Lone Prospector remains a common-man figure yet, as may be observed frequently, it is his sense of humor and humble attitude toward life which lightens up the rather severe image of poor and rough living in an all-snow mountainous region. Details of realism are vivid in the creation of the plot as the actors portray natural roles of men in pursuit of treasure with an approach that engages them in the course of nature instead of heroic transformation or magical escape from reality. The realist perspective of the plot guides their actions to arrive at the turning point and settle for resolution through real unpredictable circumstances. One concrete evidence would be the instance when Big Jim McKay exclaims having found gold at the onset (00:04:53) but the story proceeds into the situation where the famished McKay craves food (00:20:49) and says to his fellow â€Å"I thought you was a chicken† out of an illusion. Life in Alaska in the first quarter of the 20th century entailed having to cope with significant crises in economy which affected even the moral and social relations among the state inhabitants, in general. This is quite conspicuous in the unfortunate affairs which the Lone Prospector, McKay, and Black Larsen are confronted with in that, while Larsen sets off to get even in fate despite the burning cold weather, the other two have gone to the extremes of having a cooked shoe served for a Thanksgiving dinner (00:18:50). Their representational acting, in this stage, altogether appears lacking in emotional consequence or one that exhi bits warm human sentiment as the film attempts to demonstrate the truth regarding pretense and suspicion which humans were disposed to behave with at such times. Nevertheless, the abrupt pace of the acts coinciding with the thematic rhythm enables the audience to perceive â€Å"The Gold Rush† under the influence of its comical effects notwithstanding a grasp of the film’s historical context by a viewer. With humor, being the principal component of the cinema piece, the economic issue loses its essence as the heavy subject as the audience becomes more drawn to recognize the filmmaker’s chief objective of structuring the story flow with comedic schemes. By the moment the Lone Prospector parts from his temporary comrade and ventures across the icy environment, his trip leads to the Monte Carlo Dance Hall in Yukon where he is bound to meet Georgia. In the midst of the rush for gold, the man encounters the love of his life at an instant (00:31:53). Since his silent c haracter onscreen is further silent in this portion of the film, Chaplin renders peculiar gestures in acting out the fascinated yet speechless man after the woman’s invitation to dance. He utilizes certain body language to speak of the hidden feelings as via

The Passions and the Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Passions and the Interests - Essay Example The point of departure in Hirschman's thesis is that "[capitalism] would activate some benign human proclivities at the expense of some malignant ones." In a "cash is king" or "money makes the mayor go" environment which basically elevates capitalism to the status of a savior ideology and a panacea to all social and individual ills, his commentary on capitalism stands out for which the proponent needs intellectual courage. One of the findings of Hirschman points towards the repression of human passion in favor of harmless commercial interests which became the centerpiece of capitalism but soon denounced as a negative feature emerging out of it. Thus nobel laureate Amartya Sen creates a scenario to elucidate the interplay between violent passion in society and individual's interest in acquiring wealth in what he calls a "crude example": consider a situation in which you are being chased by murderous bigots who passionately dislike something about you-the color of your skin, the look of your nose, the nature of your faith, or whatever. As they zero in on you, you throw some money around as you flee, and each of them gets down to the serious business of individually collecting the notes. As you escape, you may be impressed by your own good luck that the thugs have such benign self-interest, but the universalizing theorist would also note that this is only an example of the general phenomenon of violent p assion being subdued by innocuous interest in acquiring wealth. Hirschman makes the point that individuals are better off trading with each other rather than fighting with each other. Hirschman relives the intellectual climate of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to highlight the changes in the capitalist ideology, wherein the pursuit of wealth which was once condemned as greed was later on upheld as a contributing factor towards harnessing and taming the destructive passions of individual. Compared with the Marxian interpretation wherein capitalism would cease to exist as an ideology with the withering away of the state, Hirschman's interpretation of capitalism and its rise takes an innovative form in that he maintains that capitalism is an unending ideology and that it only transformed itself through a series of internal processes into the modern market economy or its various off-shoots witnessed in many parts of the world. Hirschman taking inspiration from a large number of thinkers including Montesquieu, John Miller and Sir James Steuart "to gain a perspective on the meaning and significance of the views" spends some time narrating different views on the impact of economic activity on politics, and though the different views often advocate different policies, the common thread in the argument is that economic growth including betterment of the masses leads a society towards stabilization and which in turn may lead towards a process of democratization. According to Hirschman, if passions represent the state, and interests represent capitalism, the state regulates capitalism and capitalism is expected to regulate or tame the rulers' passions..

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education Essay - 1

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education - Essay Example Bringing the education sector right under the auspices of the private sector is important because there is more check and balance in doing the same and that there are minimal losses, both from the imparting of education as well as the financial standpoint. Also encouraging private sector organizations to come up with different education related and vocational ventures is indeed much needed at present. This is because education is usually the responsibility of the state itself but the people who could impart training regimes and coaching measures are the ones who hail from the private sector, in essence the specialists who know their work well and hence they must be given their due right to express what they can do best. Steps need to be taken to bring them in the forefront so that their undertakings could be further developed from and that there are no grey areas when the talk goes out loud regarding institutionalizing education centers and areas of excellence related with the very s ame topic. (Levine, 1985) The way in which organizations have adopted the role as the torchbearers for the society when it comes to imparting education, falls directly under the domains of the notion of corporate social responsibility. This is a term that has been spoken of at length within the present day organizational regimes due to the fact that a number of different education programs, social awareness measures, human development initiatives and general reforms have made the rounds of the organizations on a consistent basis and essentially benefited the different publics of the said organizations as well as the society. Corporate social responsibility can be applied to a business in a very innovative way. The company can invest in the social arena with much return in mind, not in the short-term but of course in the long run. Corporate social responsibility is internal to an organization; it dictates the manner in which it has to plan about the courses of action it has to carry out with respect to the society. This term basically deals with the organization's set of operations that it carries out for the welfare of the society while existing within itself. It helps the humanity in more than one ways, to train and educate them and to ponder upon issues, which can really change the fate of coming civilizations. (Berkhout, 2005) It all comes under this heading of corporate social responsibility. The Government must play its role in harnessing the skills attached with the corporate sector in finding out the better means in which it can benefit the society. For that certain loans and grants can also be fi xed for a certain company depending on its market level in the business world. Extensive research has found that corporate responsibility is becoming an essential part of any company's day-to-day undertakings. Thus, the responsibility played by the government as well as the citizens in this regard should be quite eloquent and expressive. Their voice is given due value by the company and it does just about everything to get more and more customers and consumers which in turn excites it to search for better means to get the very same people. This, in turn, attracts the company to sponsor big events and sports galas, competitions as well as come towards social welfare

English Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

English Composition - Essay Example e the effects on both the brain and the body; could be stated less awkwardly and better connected to the second part of the statement, we can begin to investigate the implications their drug usage has on random individuals within a community. Structure of the first paragraph is essential to the successful conveyance of the thesis, and to setting the parameters for focus on the thesis. While the topic, as suggested by the title and subtitle of the paper, give insight as to the purpose of the paper, it is a good idea to make clear the purpose of the paper. A clear and concise statement of purpose can be included. Here, it might be included in the introduction, following the thesis. The purpose can be stated as such, by saying, â€Å"The purpose of this paper is.† Here, your statement of thesis and purpose seem inextricably connected and combined. It would serve to add focus and a disciplined set of structural parameters to separate the purpose from the thesis. The structure of the body of the paper might begin with a focus on the community, the problems that exist as a result of meth use and manufacture. As stated in the thesis, the goal for understanding the signs and symptoms of the meth user is to facilitate and mitigate the domino effect that use on the community. Therefore, the organization of the body of the paper might begin with a discussion of the community, then, logically, lead into the avenues by which the user of the drug has access to the drug, i.e., manufacture of the drug within the community; and, then, the signs and symptoms of meth use that might help those who are, or will be, impacted by its use – the community – to identify the signs and symptoms associated with use of the drug. The paper covers the full range of concepts, but could be better structured, as stated above, to deliver a better organization and to provide a comprehensive discussion of the discussion, then, its ultimate goal – understand the signs and symptoms, to

No Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

No - Essay Example It would be hard for the company to be able to do the transaction without it being a donation. From the proposal, the company would be selling the Panini at three dollars per piece. Considering that the company spends four dollars on every Panini in the production, the company will be operating the transaction at a loss of one dollar every sale. His being the case, the company can only accept the proposal only where the transaction is a donation to the MBA students or if it were a marketing strategy and they would increase the prices later. b) Starbucks currently sells a Stainless Steel Clip Handle Tumbler - Gold, 16 fluid ounces in its stores for $22.95. Starbucks buys the Tumbler from a manufacturer in China for $ 9.00. A representative from a company in Vietnam is offering to sell them for 25% less than cost from the manufacturer in China. Discuss the issues that you would consider in deciding whether or not to accept this offer. In deciding whether or not to accept the offer from the manufacturer in Vietnam, I would consider various factors. These factors include: the quality of the products, the durability of the products, the ability to serve the purpose for which they are acquiring. Mainly, I would consider the quality, considering the low cost of the products; the quality of the materials would probably be compromised. Due to this, I would critically evaluate all the aspects of the product to ascertain that the quality of the products is at par. Besides this, I would consider the accessibility of the products from the supplier. Since Vietnam is a country that is not well developed, I would consider how the goods are to be moved from the country to Starbucks premises since the cost of acquisition would be higher in the long run due to transport costs. Basically, I would focus mainly on these areas. When preparing an incentive plan for the store managers, it should be budgeted to

The Hacking Threats and Vulnerablilities of Wireless Networks in Term Paper

The Hacking Threats and Vulnerablilities of Wireless Networks in Organizations - Term Paper Example This increases their chances of interception, disruption and alteration as compared to wired networks. Confidentiality can be highly compromised if the message is not encrypted. This can allow an unauthorized person to read the message. Sources of Threats and Vulnerabilities in Wireless Networks In wireless networks four basic technology components face security threats. These are; the transmission medium, access points, client devices (for example computers, PDAs) and the clients. Each one of them can become a loophole for any or all the other components to be attacked. Unauthorized access to an organizations wireless network can result from an accidental association. This is where someone outside the organization turns their computer on and it connects to the organization’s network from a wireless Access Point (AP) (Anthes and Hoffman, 2003). Though it is not intentional, it compromises on the confidentiality of the organization’s information. It could lead to a link from one organization to another. Hacking can also be done by people forming a malicious association. They make their own wireless devices to connect to the organization’s network. They use a cracking laptop, called â€Å"soft AP†, to access the organization’s information instead using the of organization’s AP. ... According to Anthes and Hoffman (2003), hackers can be able to listen to an organization’s communications and identify the MAC address of the organization’s computer. This is called Identity theft /MAC spoofing. Hackers use programs that tend to ‘sniff’ networks hence gain unauthorized access to an organization’s network. They also use some software that makes a computer to pretend to have all MAC addresses required by the hacker. A computer can be enticed to log into another computer that has been set up as a soft AP by hackers. This allows a cracker to link to an organization’s legal AP using a wireless card that offers a continuous traffic flow through the hacking computer (Anthes and Hoffman, 2003). hackers can also utilize existing security faults and abuse of protocols example Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to carry out a â€Å"de-authentication attack†. This is where the organization’s computers connected to the organization’s AP drop their connections and connect to the soft AP of the cracker. Software such as LANjack and AirJack enhance hacking because they automate multiple steps of the connection process (Clay, 2006). Hackers can launch attacks meant to deny the organization services through the organization’s network. This is called Denial of service (DoS). A cracker will bombard an organization’s AP or network with, premature successful connection messages, bogus requests and other commands. As a result of this, the organization may no longer access their network. The network can also crash as a result of this (Clay, 2006).Hackers can also inject false network re-configuration commands. This will tamper with the intelligent hubs, routers and

Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concepts - Essay Example only way inmates can deal with these problems is by resorting to the facilities provided them by the informal prisoner subculture as their only hope in order to have a semblance of ‘normal’ life. The inmates take on lifestyles and roles similar to those they had in the ‘free-world’ and form associations as they would have on the outside. New inmates must adhere to the customs if they wish to fit in and to be respected by their counterparts and ensure personal security for themselves. In such a criminal environment, social hierarchy is determined by the extent of criminal conduct. A hardened criminal who displays a complete disregard for the law through demeanor and actions, is considered ‘a stand up guy’. Fanatical allegiance to the code is looked upon with respect and fear. of indigenous politics. Courts have passed several judgments granting the prisoners rights such as the freedom to practice and preach religion, a practice which has been misused widely by groups and leaders for gaining prominence. There are several roles that the prisoners take on. Drug suppliers, strong arms, brains, pimps, jailhouse prostitutes, etc., are some of the roles in a prison society. A ‘fish’ or a new inmate is expected to refrain from interfering in dealings. A weak inmate is often abused sexually or physically by a strong inmate. Most inmates are active participants in the system and form a link in the chain of internal politics in one way or another. Some inmates might resort to keeping to themselves while taking care not to offend others by showing them down or challenging their authority. Not borrowing or lending, abstaining from gambling, not accepting favors, etc., is a safe way of serving a sentence. Privileges like visitation rights, telephone and mail has made it easy for inmates to smuggle contraband, and the trade in these, most of which are goods easily available outside but are considered luxuries within the walls of a jail, has given birth to a

Personal Philosophy of Education Essay Example for Free

Personal Philosophy of Education Essay Education is an important part of growth of the individual. Education can mean a lot of things. One of the definitions of education is the experience of the individual learning and gaining knowledge while inside the structured educational system. Today, one of the strongest beliefs when it comes to education is that learning starts during the early childhood years of the individual. Because of that, education philosophies have strongly revolved around this particular idea. This in turn has created many different perspectives and ideas in learning and education. The three important aspects of this philosophy on education are hinged on the consideration of children, teaching and learning. Generally, the philosophy is about the belief that children should be exposed to learning with focus on two different areas as soon as they are in the age fit for school-based learning. This usually ranges from five to seven years old onwards, depending on the mental, emotional and psychological disposition of the individual. This philosophy of education puts important consideration to the differences among individual children. This means younger children already fit for structured learning is not discouraged from starting even at a younger age. Those who are not yet fully ready are not discouraged either but will be the target of additional stimulation to be at par with the capabilities of those who are in the same age bracket as the child is. This philosophy in education is inspired by the Montessori Method. The belief of this method is that the children all possess natural inner guides inside them. The structured academic learning experience only acts as a means to provide for material and additional assistance to the children as they learn by themselves through their instincts, something that the creator of the Montessori approach recognized through observation. Montessori developed a new philosophy of education based upon the intuitive observation of children (Lillard, 1988, p. 29). In using the Montessori approach to creating the philosophy of education, the approach and perspective towards learning is strongly influenced by the ideals of Montessori approach. Examples are the treatment in learning, its ideas about children and the role of school and education, etc. , using the Montessori results in the consideration and inclusion of the learning theories that this particular approach entails. In this paradigm of teaching style and educational philosophy, the teacher takes the role of the mature overseer. In realization of the ability of the children to naturally learn via their experiences in the environment, the teacher makes sure that children are placed in an environment free from obstacles that could hamper, hinder, impair or impact negatively their learning experience. This approach is more focused on preparing the environment wherein the children are, for most of the time, left to their own devices to learn via experiential processes, and, when necessary providing the necessary and sufficient intervention. The philosophy of education is focused on the belief that what the children need to learn (in communication, in mathematics, in logic development, in interpersonal skills, and in other academic and non-academic components of child education) can be found in the childs experiential learning in a controlled environment where the learning experience has the potential to reach its optimum growth and development. The philosophy of education in this particular condition puts importance in the instincts of the child, in the effort to encourage the children to develop their instincts and to not put a stupor on such natural capacity which is crucial and important for long term learning. Perspective on Children This philosophy of education sees children as individuals who are created with the natural ability for learning. However, because of their lack of experience as well as necessary knowledge to make themselves fully capable and full developed individuals, they need to undergo educational experience beginning at their young years. Children is viewed not as individuals who need to be spoon-fed with things that can improve their own knowledge and skill set. Rather, they are individuals who need to be guided especially in their learning stages so that they can develop as capable, competent, learned and mature individuals in the future. Children are not viewed as entities that are commanded to follow. Rather, they are individuals whose own self compass is sufficient for them to move in the direction they need and want to since they are created with the natural tendencies for learning and knowledge development. They are not robots with minds that are like computers programs that can be tweaked, altered and changed depending on the perspective and disposition of the educational institution. On the other hand, the main responsibility of the school and its teachers is to make sure that each of the autonomous and independent minds be able to grow and develop towards each individual’s own complex and unique entity. Children are individuals who are sufficiently equipped, physiologically, but nonetheless requires intervention if only for the sake of maximizing, harnessing and developing the potential that each child has. Perspective in Teaching The teacher or teaching component of this philosophy of education is about the role of teachers and the teaching process as a tool. It guides and provides necessary intervention sufficient enough to guide the children into learning and knowledge building but not excessive enough to dictate the educational experience and the learning process of the child. This is considering the fact that the child is depended upon to use his/her natural instincts for learning. Perspective in Learning The learning perspective of this philosophy in education revolves around the central idea that learning is something that is natural to an individual, something that he or she experiences even when the individual is at his or her very young age. In this philosophy of education, learning is something that should be experienced by the child by allowing the child to interact with his or her environment, the creation and set up of which is a result of the conscious effort of the teacher and the school. Learning is something that comes naturally. Learning results to knowledge and information set in an individual to which the school and the teacher has a strong influence on, especially in guaranteeing the absorption of information that the child needs to know during the learning process. Reference Lillard, P. P. (1988). Montessori: A Modern Approach. New York: Schocken Books.